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kris alman's avatar

Thank you for showing how PRRs are calculated.

One of the challenges we face is that all 3 EUR authorized vaccines in the U.S. churn out the spike protein. All of them will induce spike protein mediated immune responses and there is no way to specifically single out the spike protein versus any other antigen that these vaccines introduce.

So the PRR of these EUA authorized vaccines MUST be compared with other vaccines in the VAERS database to evaluate AEs that may be associated with the spike protein.

As we know, the spike glycoprotein binds the virus with the widespread receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and allows cell entry. The spike glycoprotein (along with the envelope protein, matrix protein, and nucleocapsid protein) is one of 4 structural proteins encoded by COVID-19.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mds3.10140

Why aren't any of these other very important structural proteins manufactured in new vaccines?

Here is one bullshit (and now debunked) explanation: mRNA vaccines "prevent a disease-causing pathogen like COVID-19 from establishing an infection. Sterilizing immunity differs from effective immunity in that the latter can prevent illness but still lead to asymptomatic infection."

https://www.verywellhealth.com/covid-19-vaccines-and-sterilizing-immunity-5092148

You know, those asymptomatic (and mild) vaccine breakthrough cases the CDC doesn't care about. So, not so sterilizing mRNA vaccines.

The two mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) enter human cells encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles.

https://www.cas.org/resource/blog/understanding-nanotechnology-covid-19-vaccines

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032477/

J&J uses an attenuated adenovirus (a double stranded DNA virus that must enter the nucleus for transcription) vector via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Before this vaccine was developed, no adenoviral vector vaccines had demonstrated they can prevent disease in humans. One new worry is a J&J booster could unleash an antibody attack on the vaccine itself. No wonder experts are going to continue to promote its efficacy.

https://www.ebsco.com/blogs/health-notes/adenovirus-vectored-vaccines-covid-19-how-do-they-work

https://cen.acs.org/pharmaceuticals/vaccines/Adenoviral-vectors-new-COVID-19/98/i19

https://abcnews.go.com/Health/experts-differ-johnson-johnson-covid-19-booster-shot/story?id=78632475

Concerns about how mRNA vaccines may cause dysregulation of the immune response have been raised for a while. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833091/

"Besides the mechanism of molecular mimicry, mRNA vaccines may give rise to a cascade of immunological events eventually leading to the aberrant activation of the innate and acquired immune system."

All vaccines have antigencity and side effects. Vaccine-associated autoimmunity is a well-known phenomenon attributed to either the cross-reactivity between antigens or the effect of adjuvant.

Examples: Guillain-Barre, Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, myopericarditis

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.905.8384&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Recent scientific claims state that protective antibodies generated in response to an mRNA vaccine will be more targeted agains variants. "The neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies was more targeted to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared to antibodies elicited by natural infection."

https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2021/06/22/how-immunity-generated-from-covid-19-vaccines-differs-from-an-infection/

While this may be true, waning antibody levels to both infection and vaccine means we can expect yearly vaccines, while the more vulnerable (i.e. those people who might be prone to adverse effects) are expected to get boosters every 6 months.

Scientists have tried to assure us that corona viruses mutate more slowly than most other RNA viruses, probably because of a ‘proofreading’ enzyme that corrects potentially fatal copying mistakes. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02544-6

Is the delta variant displaying genetic drift or shift?

https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2021/how-some-mysterious-mutations-make-delta-the-most-transmissible-covid-virus-yet/

"Delta does share mutations with other successful variants. Like all the identified variants in circulation, delta contains a spike mutation called D614G, sometimes known as “Doug,” which became ubiquitous last year.

Scientists think Doug increases the density of spike protein on the surface of viral particles and makes it easier for the virus to enter cells.

Delta also has a spike mutation called P681R, which closely resembles a mutation in the alpha variant that appears to produce higher viral loads in patients, Cooper said. People infected with delta have 1,000 times more virus in their respiratory tract, making them more likely to spread the virus when they sneeze, cough or talk.

The P681R mutation, also found in the kappa variant, is located at the beginning of a part of the genome called the furin cleavage site, Cooper said.

Furin is a naturally occurring human enzyme that gets hijacked by the coronavirus, which uses it to slice the spike protein into the optimal shape for entering the cell, Rasmussen said. The new mutation makes that sculpting more efficient, Rasmussen said.

Another delta mutation — also found in kappa and epsilon — is called L452R. Experiments suggest this mutation, which also affects the receptor-binding domain, acts to prevent antibodies from neutralizing the virus, Cooper said.

These mutations appear to be more formidable as a team than alone."

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Rebecca's avatar

I wish I was a fraction as good as you at slinging insults! You are a God! And again, Thank YOU for bring truth to light!

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